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"Greys" are extraterrestrial beings whose existence is popularly promoted in ufo-logical, paranormal, and New Age circles despite being disregarded by the mainstream scientific community. Named for their alleged skin tone, Greys are most widely associated with the alien abduction phenomenon, wherein claimants allege that Greys are intelligent extraterrestrials who visit Earth and secretly perform medical experiments on humans they have temporarily kidnapped. Scientists believe that the alien abduction phenomenon is a subjectively real experience with roots in psychology and culture, but that it does not provide credible evidence for the existence of visiting extraterrestrials.

Paranormal and pseudoscientific claims involving Greys vary in every respect including their nature (ETs, extradimensionals, demons, or machines), origins, moral dispositions, intentions, and physical appearances (even varying in their eponymous skin color). A composite description derived from overlap in claims would have Greys as small bodied, sexless beings with smooth grey skin, enlarged head and large eyes. The origin of the idea of the Grey is commonly associated with the Betty and Barney Hill abduction claim, although skeptics see precursors in science fiction and earlier paranormal claims.

Contents [hide] 1 Appearance 1.1 Features 1.2 Polling data 2 In popular culture 2.1 History 2.2 1980-1990 2.3 1990-present day 2.4 In science fiction 3 Analysis 3.1 In close encounter claims and ufology 3.2 Psychocultural expression of intelligence 3.3 The "Mother Hypothesis" 3.4 Evolutionary feasibility debate 3.5 The Extradimensional Hypothesis 3.6 Conspiracy theories 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Appearance

Percentage of Abduction Reports Featuring Greys by Country
Country	Grey Reports	Other Types
Australia	50%	50%
Canada	90%	10%
Mainland Western Europe	48%	52%
Great Britain	12%	88%
USA	43%	57%
Brazil	67%	33%

Features

Greys are typically depicted as grey-skinned diminutive humanoid beings that possess reduced forms of or outright lack human organs and anatomical components.  Their bodies are usually depicted as being elongated, having a small chest, and lacking in muscular definition and visible skeletal structure. Their legs are shorter and jointed differently than one would expect in a human. Their limbs are often depicted as proportionally different than a human's; their humerus and thighs are the same lengths as their forearms and shins, respectively. They have been depicted as having three to five fingers and lacking opposable thumbs.

Greys are depicted as having unusually large heads in proportion to their bodies. They are depicted as having no hair anywhere on the body, including the face, and no noticeable outer ears or noses, but only small openings or orifices for ears and nostrils. They are depicted as having very small mouths, and very large, opaque black eyes with no discernible iris or pupil. Sometimes Greys are alternately depicted as having no noticeable nostrils or mouths.

Polling data

Among reports of supposed alien encounters, Greys make up approximately 50 percent in Australia, 43 percent in the United States, 90 percent in Canada, 67 percent in Brazil, 20 percent in Continental Europe, and around 12 percent in Great Britain.

In popular culture

History

The British science fiction writer H.G. Wells, in the article "Man of the Year Million" in 1893, describes humanity transformed into a race of gray-skinned beings, stunted and with big heads. In his 1901 book The First Men in the Moon, Selenites, or natives of the Moon, are described as having gray skin, big heads, large black eyes and wasp stings.

In 1933, the Swedish novelist Gustav Sandgren, using the pen name Gabriel Linde, published a science fiction novel called Den okända faran (The Unknown Danger), where he describes a race of extraterrestrials: "[...] the creatures did not resemble any race of humans. They were short, shorter than the average Japanese, and their heads were big and bald, with strong, square foreheads, and very small noses and mouths, and weak chins. What was most extraordinary about them were the eyes – large, dark, gleaming, with a sharp gaze. They wore clothes made of soft grey fabric, and their limbs seemed to be similar to those of humans." The novel was aimed at young readers, and it included illustrations of the aliens.

In 1965, newspaper reports of the Betty and Barney Hill abduction brought Greys to international attention. The alleged abductees, Betty and Barney Hill, claimed to have been abducted by alien beings and taken to a saucer-shaped spaceship in 1961. The term "Greys" did not come into usage until many years later, but the alleged beings described by Betty and Barney Hill generally fit many of the common traits of what we now call Greys. From a star chart reported by Betty Hill, an elementary school teacher and amateur astronomer, Marjorie Fish, concluded that the home planet of these beings was located in the Zeta Reticuli star system. Greys are therefore sometimes known as Zeta Reticulans.

1980-1990

During the early 1980s Greys were linked in popular culture to the alleged crash landing of a flying saucer in Roswell New Mexico, in 1947, by a number of publications which contained statements from individuals who claimed to have seen the U.S. military handling a number of unusually proportioned, bald, child-sized corpses. These individuals claimed that the corpses had over-sized heads and slanted eyes—but scant other facial features—during and after the incident.

In 1987, popular novelist Whitley Strieber published the book Communion, in which he describes a number of close encounters he purports to have experienced with Greys and other extraterrestrial beings. The book became a New York Times bestseller, and a film adaption starring Christopher Walken was released in 1989.

1990-present day

During the 1990s, popular culture began to increasingly link Greys to a number of military-industrial complex/New World Order conspiracy theories.

A well known example of this was the FOX television series The X-Files, which first aired in 1993. It combined the quest to find proof of the existence of Grey-like extraterrestrials with a number of UFO conspiracy theory subplots, in order to form its primary story arc. Other notable examples include Dark Skies, first broadcast in 1996, which expanded upon the MJ-12 conspiracy, and Stargate SG-1 which in the 1998 episode "Thor's Chariot" introduced the Asgard, a race of beneficent Greys who visited ancient Earth masquerading as characters from Norse Mythology.

In 1995 film maker Ray Santilli claimed to have obtained 22 reels of 16 mm film that depicted the autopsy of a "real" Grey that was said to have been recovered from the site of the 1947 incident in Roswell, New Mexico. However, in 2006 Santilli announced that the film was not original, but was instead a "reconstruction" created after the original film was found to have degraded. He maintained that a real Grey had been found and autopsied on camera in 1947, and that the footage released to the public contained a percentage of that original footage, but he was unable to say what that percentage was. This incident became the subject of the British comedy film Alien Autopsy, starring popular television presenters Ant & Dec.

Greys, referred to as 'visitors', also appear in South Park as important characters in the first and the hundredth episode, as well as many cameos through out the series, mostly in the backgrounds of scenes. The comedy Scary Movie 3 also includes Greys as the main extraterrestrials.

Roger Smith, a regular character on American Dad! since its debut in 2005, is a Grey-like alien.

 In science fiction

Thor, a member of the Asgard race in Stargate SG-1

Greys are a popular theme in science fiction and have either appeared directly, or acted as a source of inspiration, in a number of different franchises. Greys also appear in Stargate SG-1 in the form of the Asgard, a highly advanced ally of the Stargate Command (SGC). In the TV series Babylon 5, aliens similar to the Greys are known as the Vree, the Streibs and the Zener. The first of these races are depicted as Earth Alliance allies on Babylon 5, while the others are hostile, with the third race serving the Shadows.

Stereotypical designs of the Grey alien race have been featured in various video game media. Examples include an extraterrestrial race known as the Sectoids which make their appearance in X-COM: UFO Defense. They also play the role of primary antagonists in the game Area 51, where they are depicted forming crop circles and mutilating cattle. The Nintendo 64 game Perfect Dark features a 'Grey' race of aliens called Maians. On the other hand, in the Destroy All Humans games, the aliens play the protagonists of the game (though antagonists to the humans). Greys also appear in the Deus Ex video game series. In Wii game Madworld, some levels contain aliens that are referred to solely as Greys. They are the only enemies in the game with blue blood.

In children's science fiction literature, Greys appear in the Animorphs book series as the metamorphosed form of an alien race dubbed the Skrit Na.

Analysis

 In close encounter claims and ufology

Greys are commonly included in alien abduction claims and are a focus of ufo-logy, with attributes that may differ from those described above. These claims include two distinct groups of Greys that differ in height. Abductees say that they recognize the leader of their abductors by its "demeanor." Some ufologists and abduction researchers believe that taller Greys, with their reported increased authority and apparently more complex psychology may be the only Grey type to be biologically alive and that the shorter form could be their artificially constructed robot or cyborg servants.

Some alien abduction reports have depicted variant skin colors such as blue-grey, green-grey, or purple-grey and some times not grey at all. The skin is typically described as being extremely smooth, almost as if made of an artificial material like rubber or plastic

Abduction claims are described as extremely traumatic, similar to an abduction by humans or even a sexual assault in the level of trauma and distress. (Research has shown that emotional impact of perceived abduction can be as great as or even greater than those of combat, sexual abuse, and other traumatic events.)

The eyes are often a focus of abduction claims. They are said to not move or focus in any observable way from the naked eye. Claims often describe a Grey staring into the eyes of an abductee when conducting mental procedures. This staring is claimed to induce hallucinogenic states or directly provoke different emotions Although abduction claimants often say that the Grey was only inches from their face during the staring mindscan procedure, they often do not subsequently claim feeling breath or seeing the Grey's chest move from breathing

 Psychocultural expression of intelligence

Neurologist Dr. Steven Novella argues that the idea is a byproduct of the human imagination, with the Greys' most distinctive features representing everything that modern humans traditionally link with intelligence. "The aliens, however, do not just appear as humans, they appear like humans with those traits we psychologically associate with intelligence."

The "Mother Hypothesis"

In 2005, Frederick V. Malmstrom, writing in Skeptic magazine, vol. 11 issue 4, presents his hypothesis that Greys are actually residual memories of early childhood development. Malmstrom reconstructs the face of a Grey through transformation of a mother's face based on our best understanding of early childhood sensation and perception. Malmstrom's study offers a possible alternative to the existence of Greys, the intense instinctive response many people experience when presented an image of a Grey, and the ease of regression hypnosis and recovered memory therapy in "recovering" memories of alien abduction experiences, along with their common themes.

 Evolutionary feasibility debate

According to English reproductive biologist Jack Cohen, the typical image of a Grey, given that it would have evolved on a world with different environmental and ecological conditions from Earth, is too physiologically similar to a human to be credible as a representation of an alien. Their physical structure has been sometimes viewed as supporting the Panspermia theory of origins, although the "parallel evolution" required is not scientifically plausible. The "parallel evolution" concept, utilized as a plot device by Star Trek writers Gene Roddenberry and Gene Coon and referred to as "Hodgkins Law of Parallel Planet Development". However, even this fictional theory does not explain such remarkable Grey-human similarities as the facial geometry, the apparent sternal-xiphoidal process, the evident pectoral-trapezial architecture, and the number of toes per foot.

One theory that could explain such seemingly impossible coincidences is the idea that extraterrestrial beings had some influence on the evolution of life on Earth in the distant past, specifically that extraterrestrials were directly involved in the evolution of primates, including humans. This was supposedly done by genetic engineering, cross-breeding, or a combination of both. This idea, regarded as nonsense by the mainstream science community, first gained widespread exposure with the 1968 publication of Chariots of the Gods? by Erich von Däniken and has since been the source of much controversy, and has inspired numerous other books with various related theories.

Proponents of this theory of alien genetic/evolutionary intervention on Earth argue that if the Greys (or similar beings) were performing genetic manipulations and/or experiments with pre-human life forms on Earth, then it would be logical, and perhaps almost expected, that these alleged aliens may have attempted to influence the evolution of life forms here in a direction consistent with their own genetic makeup, and similar to their own physiology and general physical structure, since genetically that is what they would presumably be most familiar with.

Since there is no evidence of what types of life or physiology might evolve on other habitable planets, no way to accurately gauge the likelihood or unlikelihood of coincidences in evolution on two separate planets, and no conclusive evidence of any alleged past extraterrestrial genetic manipulation in our own evolution, the debate over the evolutionary feasibility of the Greys (or any other bipedal, humanoid extraterrestrial species) is ultimately nothing more than speculation on both sides.

 The Extradimensional Hypothesis

Some Ufologists believe that the Greys are extradimensional and are either nonphysical or composed of materials entirely dissimilar to those from our universe. They consider the common appearance of the Greys to be a symbolic representation of their true form. The general humanoid appearance represents an actual relationship with mankind, the large head represents superhuman intelligence, and the large eyes represent superhuman perception, while the general frailty shows them to be somehow degraded. In abduction reports there is a stark contrast between the abductee's conviction that the events are completely real with occurrences that should be physically impossible.

 Conspiracy theories

Some conspiracy theorists believe that Greys represent part of a government-led disinformation or plausible deniability campaign, or that they are a product of government mind control experiments. Dr. Steven Greer, founder of the Disclosure Project, head of CSETI, and a prominent UFO conspiracy theorist, has publicly presented over 400 "government, military, and intelligence community witnesses" that have offered testimony to the existence of aliens and UFO and/or efforts to cover up their existence and who have stated that they would be willing to defend their claims under oath.